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Top Questions People Ask About Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib & Scikit-learn — Answered!

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 Whether you're a beginner or brushing up on your skills, these are the real-world questions Python learners ask most about key libraries in data science. Let’s dive in! 🐍 🐼 Pandas: Data Manipulation Made Easy 1. How do I handle missing data in a DataFrame? df.fillna( 0 ) # Replace NaNs with 0 df.dropna() # Remove rows with NaNs df.isna(). sum () # Count missing values per column 2. How can I merge or join two DataFrames? pd.merge(df1, df2, on= 'id' , how= 'inner' ) # inner, left, right, outer 3. What is the difference between loc[] and iloc[] ? loc[] uses labels (e.g., column names) iloc[] uses integer positions df.loc[ 0 , 'name' ] # label-based df.iloc[ 0 , 1 ] # index-based 4. How do I group data and perform aggregation? df.groupby( 'category' )[ 'sales' ]. sum () 5. How can I convert a column to datetime format? df[ 'date' ] = pd.to_datetime(df[ 'date' ]) ...
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6 Python file Methods Real Usage

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Files always have data in them. For different purposes, you need methods to deal with them. These six file methods of use in this case.


Related: 5 top file modes in python.


Python file methods

Python file methods

Below are the top six file methods in python:
  1. Tell()
  2. Seek()
  3. Flush()
  4. Fileno()
  5. truncate()
  6. isatty()

1. tell()


The usage of tell method is it returns the cursor-position of the file-pointer from the beginning of the file. It tells the current cursor position. The position starts from zero, which is same as of an index.


Syntax: 

fileobject.tell()


2. seek()


The usage of seek method is cursor position, from one position to the specified position from the beginning of the file, it moves. Here, the cursor will be sought to a particular location.

Syntax: 

fileobject.seek(position)


3. flush()


The usage of flush method is clean out the internal buffer. Before writing the text in the file, it is best practice to clear out that the internal buffer can be cleared.

Syntax: 

fileobject.flush()


4. fileno()


The usage of  fileno method is file-number i.e. a file descriptor as an integer value it returns. If an operating system does not use a file descriptor of the file then an error may occur.

Syntax: 

fileobject.fileno()


5. truncate()


The usage of truncate method is on the given number of bytes it resizes the file. The current position will be used if the size is not specified.

Syntax: 

fileobject.truncate(size)


6. isatty()

The usage of isatty method is Boolean. True if the file is connected to an end device like (tty) device else will return False.

Syntax:

fileobject.isatty()

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