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Mastering flat_map in Python with List Comprehension

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Introduction In Python, when working with nested lists or iterables, one common challenge is flattening them into a single list while applying transformations. Many programming languages provide a built-in flatMap function, but Python does not have an explicit flat_map method. However, Python’s powerful list comprehensions offer an elegant way to achieve the same functionality. This article examines implementation behavior using Python’s list comprehensions and other methods. What is flat_map ? Functional programming  flatMap is a combination of map and flatten . It transforms the collection's element and flattens the resulting nested structure into a single sequence. For example, given a list of lists, flat_map applies a function to each sublist and returns a single flattened list. Example in a Functional Programming Language: List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4)).flatMap(x => x.map(_ * 2)) // Output: List(2, 4, 6, 8) Implementing flat_map in Python Using List Comprehension Python’...
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3 Best Methods to Read Files in Python

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Python supports three specific methods to read files- read, readline, readlines. All these you use on files. Each has its unique purpose. Below are the best examples. 3 Methods to read file read readline readlines Method-1: read It reads records from file in sequence. Here, file.txt is sample file with single row. file.txt abcdefghijk file_object.read(2) ==> you will get 'ab' file_object.read(4)  ===> you will get 'cdef' Here, the multiple read methods read the data in sequence. The read(x) method will read only the number of characters that mentioned in the read method. Again, if you give multiple read methods then it will read in sequence. Method-2: readline It reads the file line by line. Here, file.txt is a file with single row. file.txt abcdefghijk f ile_object.readline() ==> you will get ' abcdefghijk ' Here, it reads the file line by line. Method-3: readlines It reads all the records at a time. Here, file.txt is a file with two rows. file.txt ab...
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