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Showing posts with the label protocols in iot

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Python: Built-in Functions vs. For & If Loops – 5 Programs Explained

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Python’s built-in functions make coding fast and efficient. But understanding how they work under the hood is crucial to mastering Python. This post shows five Python tasks, each implemented in two ways: Using built-in functions Using for loops and if statements ✅ 1. Sum of a List ✅ Using Built-in Function: numbers = [ 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 ] total = sum (numbers) print ( "Sum:" , total) 🔁 Using For Loop: numbers = [ 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 ] total = 0 for num in numbers: total += num print ( "Sum:" , total) ✅ 2. Find Maximum Value ✅ Using Built-in Function: values = [ 3 , 18 , 7 , 24 , 11 ] maximum = max (values) print ( "Max:" , maximum) 🔁 Using For and If: values = [ 3 , 18 , 7 , 24 , 11 ] maximum = values[ 0 ] for val in values: if val > maximum: maximum = val print ( "Max:" , maximum) ✅ 3. Count Vowels in a String ✅ Using Built-ins: text = "hello world" vowel_count = sum ( 1 for ch in text if ch i...

Internet of Things Top Communication Protocols

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The IoT envisions hundreds or thousands of end-devices with sensing, actuating, processing, and communication capabilities able to be connected to the Internet. These devices can be directly connected using cellular technologies such as 2G/3G/Long Term Evolution and beyond (5G) or they can be connected through a gateway, forming a local area network, to get connection to the Internet. --- The latter is the case where the end-devices usually form Machine to Machine (M2M) networks using various radio technologies, such as Zigbee (based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard), Wi-Fi (based on the IEEE 802.11 Standard), 6LowPAN over Zigbee (IPv6 over Low Power Personal Area Regardless the specific wireless technology used to deploy the M2M network, all the end-devices should make their data available to the Internet.  This can be achieved either by sending the information to a proprietary web server accessible from the Internet or by employing the cloud. #The role of protocols in IoT ...