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Mastering flat_map in Python with List Comprehension

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Introduction In Python, when working with nested lists or iterables, one common challenge is flattening them into a single list while applying transformations. Many programming languages provide a built-in flatMap function, but Python does not have an explicit flat_map method. However, Python’s powerful list comprehensions offer an elegant way to achieve the same functionality. This article examines implementation behavior using Python’s list comprehensions and other methods. What is flat_map ? Functional programming  flatMap is a combination of map and flatten . It transforms the collection's element and flattens the resulting nested structure into a single sequence. For example, given a list of lists, flat_map applies a function to each sublist and returns a single flattened list. Example in a Functional Programming Language: List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4)).flatMap(x => x.map(_ * 2)) // Output: List(2, 4, 6, 8) Implementing flat_map in Python Using List Comprehension Python’...

Python: How to Work With Various File Formats

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Here is Python logic that shows Parse and Read Different Files in Python. The formats are XML, JSON, CSV, Excel, Text, PDF, Zip files, Images, SQLlite, and Yaml. Python Reading Files import pandas as pd import json import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET from PIL import Image import pytesseract import PyPDF2 from zipfile import ZipFile import sqlite3 import yaml Reading Text Files # Read text file (.txt) def read_text_file(file_path):     with open(file_path, 'r') as file:         text = file.read()     return text Reading CSV Files # Read CSV file (.csv) def read_csv_file(file_path):     df = pd.read_csv(file_path)     return df Reading JSON Files # Read JSON file (.json) def read_json_file(file_path):     with open(file_path, 'r') as file:         json_data = json.load(file)     return json_data Reading Excel Files # Read Excel file (.xlsx, .xls) def read_excel_file(file_path):    ...