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Mastering flat_map in Python with List Comprehension

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Introduction In Python, when working with nested lists or iterables, one common challenge is flattening them into a single list while applying transformations. Many programming languages provide a built-in flatMap function, but Python does not have an explicit flat_map method. However, Python’s powerful list comprehensions offer an elegant way to achieve the same functionality. This article examines implementation behavior using Python’s list comprehensions and other methods. What is flat_map ? Functional programming  flatMap is a combination of map and flatten . It transforms the collection's element and flattens the resulting nested structure into a single sequence. For example, given a list of lists, flat_map applies a function to each sublist and returns a single flattened list. Example in a Functional Programming Language: List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4)).flatMap(x => x.map(_ * 2)) // Output: List(2, 4, 6, 8) Implementing flat_map in Python Using List Comprehension Python’...

Kafka Flowchart Useful for Dummies

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How Kafka Works Here're the prime points on Kafka stream-processing. In Mainframe, the data you receive/process in two methods (Batch and online). In Kafka, it receives data and sends it to consumers. Here're the details with Architecture, Logs, and applications that use Kafka. The streaming data is different (YouTube Live). When the data comes into Queue the data will then be processed. In the batch process, you need to wait till you get the Batch completes. In the case of stream processing, it is on the fly. 1. Architecture 2. Process Kafka is a publish/subscribe system , but it would be more precise to say that Kafka acts as a message broker. A broker is an intermediary that brings together two parties that don’t necessarily know each other for a mutually beneficial exchange or deal. Kafka stores messages in topics and retrieves messages from topics. There’s no direct connection between the producers and the consumers of the messages. Additionally, Kafka doesn’t keep any st...