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Mastering flat_map in Python with List Comprehension

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Introduction In Python, when working with nested lists or iterables, one common challenge is flattening them into a single list while applying transformations. Many programming languages provide a built-in flatMap function, but Python does not have an explicit flat_map method. However, Python’s powerful list comprehensions offer an elegant way to achieve the same functionality. This article examines implementation behavior using Python’s list comprehensions and other methods. What is flat_map ? Functional programming  flatMap is a combination of map and flatten . It transforms the collection's element and flattens the resulting nested structure into a single sequence. For example, given a list of lists, flat_map applies a function to each sublist and returns a single flattened list. Example in a Functional Programming Language: List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4)).flatMap(x => x.map(_ * 2)) // Output: List(2, 4, 6, 8) Implementing flat_map in Python Using List Comprehension Python’...

2 Exclusive Ways to Start Kafka Services

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The Kafka services start or stop you can do in two ways. Those are  Systemd  and  Systemctl  (sudo user). Below, you will find the commands for these two methods. How to start/stop Kafka service Here are exclusive ways. With these, you can start or stop Kafka services .   1. Systemd service The concept of unit files people who worked on Linux servers have familiarity with it. Also, they know creating the unit file to use by systemd. To summarize,  it initializes and maintains components throughout the system . This means that you can define ZooKeeper and Kafka as unit files, which then will be used by systems. Commands The first command starts the service, and the second command stops the service. ... [Service] ... ExecStart=/opt/kafkainaction/bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh ExecStop= /opt/kafkainaction/bin/zookeeper-server-stop.sh 2. Systemctl by Sudo (root) user The root user can start or stop the Kafka services. This is more like front-end processing...