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Mastering flat_map in Python with List Comprehension

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Introduction In Python, when working with nested lists or iterables, one common challenge is flattening them into a single list while applying transformations. Many programming languages provide a built-in flatMap function, but Python does not have an explicit flat_map method. However, Python’s powerful list comprehensions offer an elegant way to achieve the same functionality. This article examines implementation behavior using Python’s list comprehensions and other methods. What is flat_map ? Functional programming  flatMap is a combination of map and flatten . It transforms the collection's element and flattens the resulting nested structure into a single sequence. For example, given a list of lists, flat_map applies a function to each sublist and returns a single flattened list. Example in a Functional Programming Language: List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4)).flatMap(x => x.map(_ * 2)) // Output: List(2, 4, 6, 8) Implementing flat_map in Python Using List Comprehension Python’...
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Cloud Storage as a Service Basics(1 of 3)

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Cloud storage is a model of networked enterprise storage where data is stored in virtualized pools of storage which are generally hosted by third parties. Hosting companies operate large data centers, and customers that require their data to be hosted buy or lease storage capacity from these hosting companies.

The data center operators virtualize the resources according to customer requirements and expose them as storage pools, which the customers can use to store data. Physically, the resource may span multiple servers and multiple locations. The safety of the data depends upon the hosting companies and on the applications that leverage the cloud storage.

Cloud storage is based on highly virtualized infrastructure and has the same characteristics as cloud computing in terms of agility, scalability, elasticity, and multi-tenancy. It is available both off-premises and on-premises. 

While it is difficult to declare a canonical definition of cloud storage architecture, object storage is reasonably analogous. Cloud storage software such as OpenStack Cinder, cloud storage products like EMC Atmos® and Hitachi Content Platform, and distributed storage research projects like OceanStore or VISION Cloud are examples of object storage and infer the following guidelines.

Cloud storage is:

  • Made up of many distributed resources but still acts as one; often referred to as federated storage clouds. 
  • Highly fault tolerant through redundancy and distribution of data. 
  • Highly durable through the creation of versioned copies. 
  • Typically eventually consistent with regard to data replicas. 


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