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Top Questions People Ask About Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib & Scikit-learn — Answered!

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 Whether you're a beginner or brushing up on your skills, these are the real-world questions Python learners ask most about key libraries in data science. Let’s dive in! 🐍 🐼 Pandas: Data Manipulation Made Easy 1. How do I handle missing data in a DataFrame? df.fillna( 0 ) # Replace NaNs with 0 df.dropna() # Remove rows with NaNs df.isna(). sum () # Count missing values per column 2. How can I merge or join two DataFrames? pd.merge(df1, df2, on= 'id' , how= 'inner' ) # inner, left, right, outer 3. What is the difference between loc[] and iloc[] ? loc[] uses labels (e.g., column names) iloc[] uses integer positions df.loc[ 0 , 'name' ] # label-based df.iloc[ 0 , 1 ] # index-based 4. How do I group data and perform aggregation? df.groupby( 'category' )[ 'sales' ]. sum () 5. How can I convert a column to datetime format? df[ 'date' ] = pd.to_datetime(df[ 'date' ]) ...
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IoT Architecture for very new developers: part 1 of 6

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What is the architecture of internet of things-The three-layer DCM classification is more about the IoT value chain than its system architecture at run time.

 I hope you enjoyed with my previous post-5 on IOT.

 For system architecture, some have divided the IoT system into as many as nine layers, from bottom to top:
  • devices
  • connectivity
  • data collection
  • communication
  • device management.
  • data rules
  • administration
  • applications
  • integration
While large companies such as IBM, Oracle, Microsoft, and others have comprehensive solutions, products, and services that cover almost the entire value chain.
Recommendation for you:  Part-2 | Part-1

 Broadly IOT architecture can be classified as three layers:
  • Device Layer
  • Communication Layer
  • Mangement Layer
Device Layer: Devices or assets can be categorized as two groups: those that have inherent intelligence such as electric meters or heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) controllers, and those that are inert and must be enabled to become smart devices (e.g., RFID tagged) such as furniture or animals that can be electronically tracked and monitored—things that "talk."

 Communication Layer: The communications layer is the foundational infrastructure of IoT. There are two major communication technologies: wireless and wired (or wireline). Each category has broadband and narrowband, packet and circuit switched, as well as short-range and long-range communications. The penetration and traffic of U.S. wireless data subscribers in 2013 will reach the same level of broadband wired household usage in 2008.

 The mobile Internet is catching up quickly, thanks to the development of the Internet of Things and the flexibility of wireless communications.

 Management Layer: This is the are where mining of data carried out to get business intelligence ideas
  • In the current customer-driven, technology-based environment, it is no longer enough to offer a service or product and expect it to satisfy your customers. Even if you have the best customer service in the industry, you have to be able to extend out your offerings to meet current demand to keep the customers satisfied. 
  • The Internet of Things brings enormous possibilities and potentials for creating new business value and generating new revenue ecosystems with data processing and managing rules that combine intelligence from remote assets unreachable before with your intelligent enterprise systems.
  • Examples: Disruptive applications beyond current imagination will appear. Smart grid, connected car, fleet control, mobile surveillance, and remote monitoring are listed as the top five disruptive applications out of a total of 65 identified, according to reports from the Boston Consulting Group.
All of the top five are IoT applications. For example, with the wide use of telematics, things like total vehicle life cycle management, refined used car price estimate, Pay as You Drive insurance policy, neighbor-to-neighbor car-sharing business such as those provided by startup RelayRides become possible, and the list goes on and on.

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