Featured Post

Mastering flat_map in Python with List Comprehension

-
Image
Introduction In Python, when working with nested lists or iterables, one common challenge is flattening them into a single list while applying transformations. Many programming languages provide a built-in flatMap function, but Python does not have an explicit flat_map method. However, Python’s powerful list comprehensions offer an elegant way to achieve the same functionality. This article examines implementation behavior using Python’s list comprehensions and other methods. What is flat_map ? Functional programming  flatMap is a combination of map and flatten . It transforms the collection's element and flattens the resulting nested structure into a single sequence. For example, given a list of lists, flat_map applies a function to each sublist and returns a single flattened list. Example in a Functional Programming Language: List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4)).flatMap(x => x.map(_ * 2)) // Output: List(2, 4, 6, 8) Implementing flat_map in Python Using List Comprehension Python’...
Post a Comment

PL/SQL Sample code and error handling mechanism

-

SAMPLE PL/SQL



CREATE TABLE dummy


( dummy_value       VARCHAR2(1));
DECLARE
  -- Define local variable.
  my_string VARCHAR2(1) := ' ';
  my_number NUMBER;
BEGIN
  -- Select a white space into a local variable.
  SELECT ' ' INTO my_string FROM dummy;
  -- Attempt to assign a single white space to a number.
  my_number := TO_NUMBER(my_string);
EXCEPTION
 WHEN no_data_found THEN
   dbms_output.put_line('SELECT-INTO'||CHR(10)||SQLERRM);
END;
/







Output and Error:

The program returns the following output, which illustrates formatting user- defined exceptions. 





The CHR(10) inserts a line return and provides a clean break between the program's SQLCODE and SQLERRM messages:







RAISE my_error SQLCODE [1] 



SQLERRM [User-Defined Exception]







































Comments











Post a Comment


Thanks for your message. We will get back you.



















Popular posts from this blog









SQL Query: 3 Methods for Calculating Cumulative SUM






-














Image







 SQL provides various constructs for calculating cumulative sums, offering flexibility and efficiency in data analysis. In this article, we explore three distinct SQL queries that facilitate the computation of cumulative sums. Each query leverages different SQL constructs to achieve the desired outcome, catering to diverse analytical needs and preferences. Using Window Functions (e.g., PostgreSQL, SQL Server, Oracle) SELECT id, value, SUM(value) OVER (ORDER BY id) AS cumulative_sum  FROM your_table; This query uses the SUM() window function with the OVER clause to calculate the cumulative sum of the value column ordered by the id column. Using Subqueries (e.g., MySQL, SQLite): SELECT t1.id, t1.value, SUM(t2.value) AS cumulative_sum FROM your_table t1 JOIN your_table t2 ON t1.id >= t2.id GROUP BY t1.id, t1.value ORDER BY t1.id; This query uses a self-join to calculate the cumulative sum. It joins the table with itself, matching rows where the id in the first table is greater than...








Read more










Big Data: Top Cloud Computing Interview Questions (1 of 4)






-














Image







   The below are frequently asked interview questions on Cloud computing:  1) What is the difference between Cloud and Grid?  Grid:  -Information service  -Security Service  -Data management  -Execution Manageement  Cloud:  - Maintains up-to-date information of resources  -Create VMs according to user requirement  -Application deploment  -User management   2) What are the different cloud standards?  -Interoperability standards  -Security standards  -Portability Standards  -Governance and Risk standards   3) What are the two different sub-systems in Cloud computing ?  -Management sub system  -Resource sub system   4)What is Cloud compouting?  The promise of cloud computing is ubiquitous access to a broad set of applications and services, which are delivered over the network to multiple customer.   5) Why we need specialized network for Cloud services?  The public Internet is the simplest choice for delivering cloud-based services. In this model, the cloud provider simply purchases Inter...








Read more










5 SQL Queries That Popularly Used in Data Analysis






-














Image







 Here are five popular SQL queries frequently used in data analysis. 1. SELECT with Aggregations Summarize data by calculating aggregates like counts, sums, averages, etc. SELECT department, COUNT(*) as employee_count, AVG(salary) as average_salary FROM employees GROUP BY department; 2. JOIN Operations  Combine data from multiple tables based on a related column. SELECT e.employee_id, e.name, d.department_name FROM employees e JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id; 3. WHERE Clause for Filtering Filter records based on specified conditions. SELECT * FROM sales WHERE sale_date BETWEEN '2024-01-01' AND '2024-12-31'   AND amount > 1000; 4. ORDER BY Clause for Sorting Sort results in ascending or descending order based on one or more columns. SELECT product_name, price FROM products ORDER BY price DESC; 5. GROUP BY with HAVING Clause Group records and apply conditions to the aggregated results. SELECT department, SUM(salary) as total_salaries FROM employ...








Read more