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Step-by-Step Guide to Reading Different Files in Python

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 In the world of data science, automation, and general programming, working with files is unavoidable. Whether you’re dealing with CSV reports, JSON APIs, Excel sheets, or text logs, Python provides rich and easy-to-use libraries for reading different file formats. In this guide, we’ll explore how to read different files in Python , with code examples and best practices. 1. Reading Text Files ( .txt ) Text files are the simplest form of files. Python’s built-in open() function handles them effortlessly. Example: # Open and read a text file with open ( "sample.txt" , "r" ) as file: content = file.read() print (content) Explanation: "r" mode means read . with open() automatically closes the file when done. Best Practice: Always use with to handle files to avoid memory leaks. 2. Reading CSV Files ( .csv ) CSV files are widely used for storing tabular data. Python has a built-in csv module and a powerful pandas library. Using cs...
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How to Setup Hadoop Cluster Top Ideas

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Hadoop cluster setup in Centos Operating System explained in this post. So you can install CentOs either in your Laptop or in Virtual Machine.
Hadoop cluster setup proces
Hadoop Cluster Setup Process

9 Steps Process to Setup Hadoop Cluster

Step 1:  Installing Sun Java on Linux. Commands to execute for the same:
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:flexiondotorg/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin
sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-6-sun

Step 2:  Create Hadoop User. Commands to execute for the same:
$sudo addgroup hadoop
$sudo adduser —ingroup hadoop hduser

Step 3:  Install SSH Server if not already present. Commands are:
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server
$ su - hduser
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""
$ cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

Step 4:  Installing Hadoop. Commands for the same are:
$wget http://www.eng.lsu.edu/mirrors/apache/hadoop/core/hadoop-0.22.0/hadoop-0.22.0.tar.gz
$ cd /home/hduser
$ tar xzf hadoop-0.22.2.tar.gz
$ mv hadoop-0.22.2 hadoop

Step 5:  Edit .bashrc. Commands:
# Set Hadoop-related environment variables
export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hduser/hadoop
# Set JAVA_HOME (we will also configure JAVA_HOME directly for Hadoop later on)
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun

Step 6:  Update hadoop-env.sh
Here we need to only update the JAVA_HOME variable, we just need to open the file from text editor.
$vi /home/hduser/hadoop/conf/hadoop-env.sh
And update the following:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun

Step 7:  Update the files residing in the conf folder.  The three main files are:
Core-site.xml
Mapred-site.xml
Hdfs-site.xml
Here we need to change the value of namenode and jobtracker to where we want to run.

Step 8:  Start the hadoop cluster, using command.
Start-all.sh

Step 9:  Check if all the processes are up and running, using command:
Jps
That’s it. The cluster should be up and running with the following 5 processes:
  • NameNode
  • SecondaryNameNode
  • DataNode
  • JobTracker
  • TaskTracker
If we see all these processes, it means our installation is successful and the cluster is up and running.

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