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Mastering flat_map in Python with List Comprehension

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Introduction In Python, when working with nested lists or iterables, one common challenge is flattening them into a single list while applying transformations. Many programming languages provide a built-in flatMap function, but Python does not have an explicit flat_map method. However, Python’s powerful list comprehensions offer an elegant way to achieve the same functionality. This article examines implementation behavior using Python’s list comprehensions and other methods. What is flat_map ? Functional programming  flatMap is a combination of map and flatten . It transforms the collection's element and flattens the resulting nested structure into a single sequence. For example, given a list of lists, flat_map applies a function to each sublist and returns a single flattened list. Example in a Functional Programming Language: List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4)).flatMap(x => x.map(_ * 2)) // Output: List(2, 4, 6, 8) Implementing flat_map in Python Using List Comprehension Python’...
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Tutorial: SAP HANA Basics for Beginners

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What is SAP HANA?

HANA stands for High-Performance Analytic Appliance. SAP HANA is a combination of hardware and software, and is therefore an appliance.

SAP HANA supports column- and row-level storage. We can store and perform analytics on a huge amount of real-time, non-aggregated transactional data. Hence, HANA acts as both a database and a warehousing tool, which helps in making decisions at the right time.

Challenges in Traditional RDBMS?

There are a few challenges in traditional databases, such as latency, the cost involved, and complexity in accessing databases.

Related: SAP HANA jobs and career options

What is Architecture of traditional RDBMS?

Presentation Layer:

This is the top-most layer and allows users to manipulate data so that they can input it for querying.

This data input from users is passed on to the database layer through the application layer and the results are passed back to the application layer to implement business logics.

The presentation layer can be anything—the web browser, SAP GUI, SAP BEx, SAP Business Objects, and so on. These tools will be installed on individual client machines.

Application Layer:

This layer is also called the business layer. All the business logic will be executed in this layer. It controls the application's functionality by performing detailed processing. This can be installed on one machine or distributed across more than one system.

Database Layer:

This layer receives data from the business layer and performs the required operation from the database. It contains database servers that store the data. Data is stored independently of application layers or business logics.

The database layer remains as an internal interface and is not exposed to the end users. The application layer has to access the data in the database only through this layer.

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