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Step-by-Step Guide to Reading Different Files in Python

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 In the world of data science, automation, and general programming, working with files is unavoidable. Whether you’re dealing with CSV reports, JSON APIs, Excel sheets, or text logs, Python provides rich and easy-to-use libraries for reading different file formats. In this guide, we’ll explore how to read different files in Python , with code examples and best practices. 1. Reading Text Files ( .txt ) Text files are the simplest form of files. Python’s built-in open() function handles them effortlessly. Example: # Open and read a text file with open ( "sample.txt" , "r" ) as file: content = file.read() print (content) Explanation: "r" mode means read . with open() automatically closes the file when done. Best Practice: Always use with to handle files to avoid memory leaks. 2. Reading CSV Files ( .csv ) CSV files are widely used for storing tabular data. Python has a built-in csv module and a powerful pandas library. Using cs...
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PL SQL: How to Fix Errors

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PL/SQL is procedural language, and the PL/SQL procedures you can call from any high-level language. This is depending on your project requirement.
PL SQL Errors tips to avoid
PL SQL 
How to prevent some common errors or exceptions while writing PL/SQL procedures in your project.
  • The number one and primary one is assigning variables non-numeric to numeric. This is one kind of area where you need to look in while writing PL/SQL procedure.
  • PL/SQL is nothing but an invitation for trouble. They are all centered on data types and implicit conversion.

What's implicit conversion?

Let's say you have number held in a varchar2 data type variable, v_value. You try assigning n_value, a number data type variable, that value with the following line of code:n_value := v_value;

That should work, right?

Yes, it should, but when it doesn't, because you don't actually have a numeric literal stored in variable v_value, the implicit data type conversion will raise an "unexpected" exception in your program unit.
Another most common issue is assigning DATE field to numeric field while writing PL/SQL procedure. Usually, it will not work, and it will through a conversion error.

You want to pass a date value to a function that will return the time in seconds since midnight, January 1, 1980. The function requires the date be passed as a varchar2 parameter in the form DD-MON-YY.
```sql
d_value date := sysdate;
n_value number;
```     

```sql

BEGIN
n_value := date_to_long(d_value);

```

Sample PL/SQL

  1. Oracle's default date format is DD-MON-YY, so it will work fine, right?
  2. Not exactly. If the current NLS_DATE_FORMAT for the session is DD-MON-YY (the default), it will work, but not if it is YYYYMMDD HH24MISS, as I set mine every time I log in to SQL*Plus.
  3. The above two kinds of errors you can avoid as a preventive measure while writing your PL/SQL procedure.

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