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SQL Interview Success: Unlocking the Top 5 Frequently Asked Queries

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 Here are the five top commonly asked SQL queries in the interviews. These you can expect in Data Analyst, or, Data Engineer interviews. Top SQL Queries for Interviews 01. Joins The commonly asked question pertains to providing two tables, determining the number of rows that will return on various join types, and the resultant. Table1 -------- id ---- 1 1 2 3 Table2 -------- id ---- 1 3 1 NULL Output ------- Inner join --------------- 5 rows will return The result will be: =============== 1  1 1   1 1   1 1    1 3    3 02. Substring and Concat Here, we need to write an SQL query to make the upper case of the first letter and the small case of the remaining letter. Table1 ------ ename ===== raJu venKat kRIshna Solution: ========== SELECT CONCAT(UPPER(SUBSTRING(name, 1, 1)), LOWER(SUBSTRING(name, 2))) AS capitalized_name FROM Table1; 03. Case statement SQL Query ========= SELECT Code1, Code2,      CASE         WHEN Code1 = 'A' AND Code2 = 'AA' THEN "A" | "A

8 Popular Encryption Methods Real Usage

The process of replacing original data with special-characters is called an Encryption. A highly secured server handles the encryption and Decryption. You need a private key to decrypt the data. Else, you cannot decrypt the data.

Private keys are two types. The sender uses one private key and the receiver uses one other private key.

I have given in this post about 8 encryption methods.

Flow Diagram of Encryption


encryption
image courtesy by digit.in

 

Different Encryption Methods

  1. Classic Cipher
  2. Random Key Generation
  3. RSA Token
  4. Hash Functions
  5. Mac value - Message Authentication code
  6. Key Hash
  7. TLS Protocol
  8. Authenticated Cipher

 1. Classic Cipher.

The best example is this kind of algorithm was used in world war -II communication machines.

2. Random Key Generations.

One kind of security. They use an algorithm that sends random numbers. People use that number as a password. 

3. RSA Token.

Every 30 seconds a token is generated. Mostly people use for financial applications. An extra identity mechanism along with user id and password.

4. Hash Functions.

It assigns a hash value for each input data value. So that the third person cannot map to original data. The hash value is either 256 or 512 bits.

5. MAC Value.

It is also called message authentication value. It takes 3 types of input. 

6. Key Hash.

Key hash is a little different than the Hash Function. In the case of the Hash function, the reverse calculation of 256 or 512 bits gives a clue to original data. So the possibility of hacking you can find in Hash functions.

So Key Hash came into the picture. The data first go through a MAC algorithm, where it creates a Tag called MAC tag. So in the Key Hash process, one additional data transmitted that is called MAC Tag.

One more mechanism is Pseudorandom Functions also called PRFs. Where it calculates random key.

7. TLS Protocol.

TLS is a transport layer security protocol(TLS). It works basically like an internet security layer. This works as a middle layer between the Server and Website.


8. Authenticated Cipher.

In this case, both encryptions, MAC tags help to check the authenticity of data or transactions.


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