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Step-by-Step Guide to Reading Different Files in Python

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 In the world of data science, automation, and general programming, working with files is unavoidable. Whether you’re dealing with CSV reports, JSON APIs, Excel sheets, or text logs, Python provides rich and easy-to-use libraries for reading different file formats. In this guide, we’ll explore how to read different files in Python , with code examples and best practices. 1. Reading Text Files ( .txt ) Text files are the simplest form of files. Python’s built-in open() function handles them effortlessly. Example: # Open and read a text file with open ( "sample.txt" , "r" ) as file: content = file.read() print (content) Explanation: "r" mode means read . with open() automatically closes the file when done. Best Practice: Always use with to handle files to avoid memory leaks. 2. Reading CSV Files ( .csv ) CSV files are widely used for storing tabular data. Python has a built-in csv module and a powerful pandas library. Using cs...
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4 Built-in functions in SQL Explained Superbly

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Here're four types of built-in functions in SQL. You don't need to create these functions, and these come with your SQL.

sql built-in functions with examples

I am discussing today the SQL functions List.

SQL functions

  1. DATE-TIME functions
  2. Numeric functions
  3. Char functions
  4. Null-related functions

1. DATE-TIME functions
 
These are useful to get DATE and Time. Also, you can covert the DATE and TIME to Char. These are TO_CHAR, CURRENT_DATE, and CURRENT_TIME.


2. Numeric Functions
 
These functions you can use for numeric calculations. Those are TRUNC, SIGN, ROUND, ABS.


3. Char Functions
 
To handle string-related tasks you can use CHAR functions. The CHAR functions are like SUBSTR, CONCAT, LENGTH.

4. NULL related functions
 
To handle null values you can use different functions. Those are COALESCE, NVL, NULLIF

This post covered all your answers for the SQL functions list, SQL built-in functions in Oracle, and SQL functions in any DBMS.


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Summary

I have explained in this post about four different types of SQL built-in functions for your quick reference.

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