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Mastering flat_map in Python with List Comprehension

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Introduction In Python, when working with nested lists or iterables, one common challenge is flattening them into a single list while applying transformations. Many programming languages provide a built-in flatMap function, but Python does not have an explicit flat_map method. However, Python’s powerful list comprehensions offer an elegant way to achieve the same functionality. This article examines implementation behavior using Python’s list comprehensions and other methods. What is flat_map ? Functional programming  flatMap is a combination of map and flatten . It transforms the collection's element and flattens the resulting nested structure into a single sequence. For example, given a list of lists, flat_map applies a function to each sublist and returns a single flattened list. Example in a Functional Programming Language: List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4)).flatMap(x => x.map(_ * 2)) // Output: List(2, 4, 6, 8) Implementing flat_map in Python Using List Comprehension Python’...
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4 Built-in functions in SQL Explained Superbly

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Here're four types of built-in functions in SQL. You don't need to create these functions, and these come with your SQL.

sql built-in functions with examples

I am discussing today the SQL functions List.

SQL functions

  1. DATE-TIME functions
  2. Numeric functions
  3. Char functions
  4. Null-related functions

1. DATE-TIME functions
 
These are useful to get DATE and Time. Also, you can covert the DATE and TIME to Char. These are TO_CHAR, CURRENT_DATE, and CURRENT_TIME.


2. Numeric Functions
 
These functions you can use for numeric calculations. Those are TRUNC, SIGN, ROUND, ABS.


3. Char Functions
 
To handle string-related tasks you can use CHAR functions. The CHAR functions are like SUBSTR, CONCAT, LENGTH.

4. NULL related functions
 
To handle null values you can use different functions. Those are COALESCE, NVL, NULLIF

This post covered all your answers for the SQL functions list, SQL built-in functions in Oracle, and SQL functions in any DBMS.


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Summary

I have explained in this post about four different types of SQL built-in functions for your quick reference.

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