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Step-by-Step Guide to Reading Different Files in Python

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 In the world of data science, automation, and general programming, working with files is unavoidable. Whether you’re dealing with CSV reports, JSON APIs, Excel sheets, or text logs, Python provides rich and easy-to-use libraries for reading different file formats. In this guide, we’ll explore how to read different files in Python , with code examples and best practices. 1. Reading Text Files ( .txt ) Text files are the simplest form of files. Python’s built-in open() function handles them effortlessly. Example: # Open and read a text file with open ( "sample.txt" , "r" ) as file: content = file.read() print (content) Explanation: "r" mode means read . with open() automatically closes the file when done. Best Practice: Always use with to handle files to avoid memory leaks. 2. Reading CSV Files ( .csv ) CSV files are widely used for storing tabular data. Python has a built-in csv module and a powerful pandas library. Using cs...
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How to Check Kafka Available Brokers

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Brokers


Here's the command to check the list of brokers present in a Kafka Cluster. You can say the Broker is the heart of the Kafka cluster. In simple terms, it works as a process.

The main function is to receive messages from publishers and gives permission to access messages by consumers.

How to Check Available Brokers in Kafka

Here is the command:

linux$ ./zookeeper-shell.sh zookeeper-IPaddress:2181 | "ls /brokers/ids"

Just use the above command to get the number of brokers present in your host (Kafka Cluster).

What is Default Broker-id in Kafka 

The default broker id is -1. When you create a new broker, it adds to -1. Then, it gives a new broker id. The broker ids will be generated from reserved.broker.max.id + 1.


Types of broker ids.

  1. Use assigned
  2. Zookeeper generated broker id.


According to Wiki:

Kafka runs on a cluster of one or more servers (called brokers), and the partitions of all topics are distributed across the cluster nodes. 


Overview of Kafka

Additionally, partitions are replicated to multiple brokers. This architecture allows Kafka to deliver massive streams of messages in a fault-tolerant fashion and has allowed it to replace some of the conventional messaging systems like Java Message Service (JMS), Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), etc. Since the 0.11.0.0 release, Kafka offers transactional writes, which provide an exactly-once stream.


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