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Step-by-Step Guide to Reading Different Files in Python

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 In the world of data science, automation, and general programming, working with files is unavoidable. Whether you’re dealing with CSV reports, JSON APIs, Excel sheets, or text logs, Python provides rich and easy-to-use libraries for reading different file formats. In this guide, we’ll explore how to read different files in Python , with code examples and best practices. 1. Reading Text Files ( .txt ) Text files are the simplest form of files. Python’s built-in open() function handles them effortlessly. Example: # Open and read a text file with open ( "sample.txt" , "r" ) as file: content = file.read() print (content) Explanation: "r" mode means read . with open() automatically closes the file when done. Best Practice: Always use with to handle files to avoid memory leaks. 2. Reading CSV Files ( .csv ) CSV files are widely used for storing tabular data. Python has a built-in csv module and a powerful pandas library. Using cs...
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The Exclusive Way to Declare Variables in Oracle Procedure

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Declare record type variables in PLSQL

There are four data types in PLSQL. Those are Numeric, Char, Boolean, and Date/Time. Each data type and its features are demonstrated. And explained how to declare variables in PLSQL procedure.

Data types

Here are the four popular data types in PLSQL.

1. Numeric


DEC, DECIMAL, and NUMERIC are used to declare fixed-point numbers with a precision of a maximum of 38 decimal digits. INTEGER, INT, and SMALLINT declare integers with a maximum precision of 38 digits.

2. Char


Char and Varchar data types support storing data of 1 t0 2000 bytes. The VARCHAR2 supports 1 to 4000 bytes of data. The VARCHAR and VARCHAR2 release the unused space in memory,

 3. Date/Time


The range for the Date is from 01-Jan-4712 BC to 31-DEC-9999. It stores the data in date format DD-MON-YYYY. The value is written in single quotes.

4. Boolean


BOOLEAN datatype stores logical values and can be either TRUE or FALSE.

Declare variables


The Declare block in PL/SQL is reserved for variable declaration. The code between begin and end blocks will participate in the execution.


PL/SQL variable-declaration


DECLARE

A NUMBER(4,1) := 11.2; B PLS_INTEGER:=78; C NUMBER(2) :=11; D CHAR(1) :='P'; E varchar (4):='GOOD'; V1 CHAR (1):='T'; D1 DATE:='01-01-2020'; -- Displays current date D2 DATE:=SYSDATE;
BEGIN

Dbms_output.put_line('A:'||' '|| A ); Dbms_output.put_line('B:'||' '|| B); Dbms_output.NEW_LINE; Dbms_output.put_line('C:'||' '|| C); Dbms_output.put_line ('D:'||' '|| D); Dbms_output.NEW_LINE; Dbms_output.put_line('D1' ||CHR(9) ||'Today's DATE '); Dbms_output.put_line(D1|| CHR(9) || D2); Dbms_output.put_line ('V1:'||' '|| V1);
END;

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