Featured Post

8 Ways to Optimize AWS Glue Jobs in a Nutshell

Image
  Improving the performance of AWS Glue jobs involves several strategies that target different aspects of the ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) process. Here are some key practices. 1. Optimize Job Scripts Partitioning : Ensure your data is properly partitioned. Partitioning divides your data into manageable chunks, allowing parallel processing and reducing the amount of data scanned. Filtering : Apply pushdown predicates to filter data early in the ETL process, reducing the amount of data processed downstream. Compression : Use compressed file formats (e.g., Parquet, ORC) for your data sources and sinks. These formats not only reduce storage costs but also improve I/O performance. Optimize Transformations : Minimize the number of transformations and actions in your script. Combine transformations where possible and use DataFrame APIs which are optimized for performance. 2. Use Appropriate Data Formats Parquet and ORC : These columnar formats are efficient for storage and querying, signif

How to Fix a Byte-like Object is Required in Python

Here is a way to fix TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str.' The error occurs while writing a file due to incorrect usage of the file mode. Below, you'll see how to solve this error.

Byte-like Object


Python Open File in Write Mode


Here's a way to open files in write mode. The "wb" mode's purpose is to write input to a file. If the file does not exist, it creates one.  


After executing it, it throws an error highlighted in red. The file mode causes to error. Below, you'll see how to fix it and the details.

a=open("file1.txt", 'wb')

b=a.write('I am writing data to a file!')

print(b)



Traceback (most recent call last):

 File "main.py", line 2, in <module>

  b=a.write('I am writing data to a file!')

TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'


** Process exited - Return Code: 1 **

Press Enter to exit terminal



How to Fix the Error


You can write data to a file in two ways a string or bytes. The mode you have chosen here is "wb." Which means it allows only binary data. You have attempted to write string data. This causes the error.



Way 1:


Chnage the file mode to "W." Then it will run without the error.


a=open("file1.txt", mode="w" )

a.write("I am writing data to a file!")

a=open("file1.txt", mode="r" )

c=a.read()

print(c)


I am writing data to a file!


** Process exited - Return Code: 0 **

Press Enter to exit terminal



Way 2:


Keep the same file mode. And supply binary input. 


a=open("file1.txt", mode="wb" )

a.write(b'I am writing data to a file!')

a=open("file1.txt", mode="r" )

c=a.read()

print(c)


I am writing data to a file!


** Process exited - Return Code: 0 **

Press Enter to exit terminal


The outline is you can fix the error [bytes-like object is required] using the above two methods in Python.



Related


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

How to Fix datetime Import Error in Python Quickly

How to Check Kafka Available Brokers

SQL Query: 3 Methods for Calculating Cumulative SUM