Here is a way to fix TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str.' The error occurs while writing a file due to incorrect usage of the file mode. Below, you'll see how to solve this error. Python Open File in Write Mode Here's a way to open files in write mode. The "wb" mode's purpose is to write input to a file. If the file does not exist, it creates one.   After executing it, it throws an error highlighted in red. The file mode causes to error. Below, you'll see how to fix it and the details. a=open("file1.txt", 'wb') b=a.write('I am writing data to a file!') print(b) Traceback (most recent call last):  File "main.py", line 2, in <module>   b=a.write('I am writing data to a file!') TypeError:  a bytes-like object is required, not 'str' ** Process exited - Return Code: 1 ** Press Enter to exit terminal How to Fix the Error You can write data to a file in two ways a string or bytes. Th

Here is an example for  splitting a string in Python . The functions you need are strip and split to split string, or text.  Here's the string taken for split My task is I want to split address string. Historically, the address is lengthy. It contains the door number, floor number, street number, and street name. Rama Krishna 20/3 ABC street EFG Nagar US 234567 How to Split a string The python split string works in two steps. The first step is to use  strip function , which removes both leading and trailing spaces. Next, use the the split function, which splits the input string, or text into a list. Python program user_address = input("Enter an address") if user_address. strip() : #check that string is not empty (after removing leading #and trailing spaces)     print("Your address is " + user_address) split_address = user_address. split() print(split_address) Output Interactively, it asks the user to enter the address. After the code runs, the address splits i

Here are the Python pickling and unpickling best examples and the differences between these two. These you can use to serialize and deserialize the python data structures. The concept of writing the total state of an object to the file is called  pickling,  and to read a Total Object from the file is called  unpickling. Pickle and Unpickle The process of writing the state of an object to the file (converting a class object into a byte stream) and storing it in the file is called pickling. It is also called object serialization . The process of reading the state of an object from the file ( converting a byte stream back into a class object) is called unpickling.  It is an inverse operation of pickling. It is also called object deserialization .  The pickling and unpickling can implement by using a pickling module since binary files support byte streams. Pickling and unpickling should be possible using binary files. Data types you can pickle Integers Booleans Complex numbers Floats Nor

A firewall is a set of rules. When a data packet moves into or out of protected network space, its contents (in particular, information about its origin, its target, and the protocol it plans to use) are tested against the firewall rules to see if it should be allowed through. How a Firewall concept works Let's say that the web server has to be open to incoming web traffic from anywhere on earth using either the insecure HTTP or secure HTTPS protocol. Because your developers and admins will need to get into the backend from time to time to do their work, you’ll also want to allow SSH traffic, but only for those people who’ll need it. Requests for any other services should be automatically refused. A Linux machine can be configured to apply firewall rules at the kernel level through a program called iptables. Creating table rules isn't all that difficult; the syntax can be learned without too much fuss. But, in the interest of simplifying your life, many Linux distributions ha

Date and Time how to get and how to use is well needed in a software project. So in Python, you can find these features. Date and Time Features in Python Date feature you need it to get Date in the coding. Here the point is the Date and how to get it, and the various formats of it. Generally, you will find three different Date and Time formats. Before going into detail, here are those formats. Date and Time formats Epoch: It is a point where the time starts and is dependent on the platform. It is taken as January 1st of the current year, 00:00:00. But for UNIX systems, it is 1st January, 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC). UTC: UTC means Coordinated Universal Time (also known as Greenwich Mean Time) and is a compromise between English and French. DST: It is Daylight Saving Time which is an adjustment of the time zone by one hour during part of the year. In other words, the clock is forward by one hour in the spring and backward by one hour in the autumn to return to standard time. 1. How to get the

Here are the differences between Class and Interface in Python. Python class can have all concrete methods. But interface does not have single concrete method. Here you'll know about What's abstract method Abstract Class: How to Create it Rules to Write an Interface How to Create Abstract Class How to Create an Interface What's abstract method The abstrcat method is one which does not have body. from abc import ABC, abstract method class name_class(ABC): # abstract class @abstractmethod def name_method(self): #abstract method without body pass The interface is used when all the features are needed to be implemented differently for different objects. Rules to Write an Interface All methods of an interface should be abstract. You cannot create an interface object. If any class implements an interface, then you need to define all the methods given in that interface in child class. You need to declare all methods as abstract if that class does not implement the interface How to

Here are three access modifiers in Python - Public, Protect, and Private. Access modifiers control the access to a variable/or method.  You may have a question that does python supports access modifiers? The answer is yes. In general, all the variables/or methods are public. Which means accessible to other classes. The private and protect access modifiers will have some rules. And the notation for protect and private are different. The single underscore is for protected and the double underscore is for private. Here is how to find Python list frequent items. Differences between Public, Protect and Private Public access modifier Public variables are accessible outside the class. So in the output, the variables are displayed. class My_employee:     def __init__(self, my_name, my_age):         self.my_name = my_name  #public         self.my_age = my_age   # public my_emp = My_employee('Raj',34) print(my_emp.my_name) print(my_emp.my_age) my_emp.my_name = 'Rohan' print(my_em